Palace of the Popes Viterbo: Discover a Medieval Icon

History of the Palace of the Popes in Viterbo

The Palace of the Popes in Viterbo is one of the city's most iconic landmarks, a testament to the era when Viterbo became a pivotal center for papal politics. Built as an expansion of the former bishop’s residence, it was commissioned to host Pope Alexander IV in 1257, following increasing tensions in Rome that necessitated a new papal residence. The project was overseen by Raniero Gatti, Captain of the People, who also supervised the construction of the famous Aula del Conclave, which hosted the first and longest conclave in history, lasting 33 months (1268-1271).

In 1267, the magnificent Loggia delle Benedizioni, also known as the Loggia of the Popes, was completed. This elegant loggia features delicate trilobed Gothic arches, offering a breathtaking view of Piazza San Lorenzo. The palace remained a papal residence until 1281, housing pontiffs such as Clement IV, John XXI, and Nicholas III. Today, visiting the Palace of the Popes allows you to step back in time and explore its fascinating history, as well as visit the Colle del Duomo Museum and the Cathedral of San Lorenzo, for a true journey into medieval Viterbo.

FAQs about Palace of the Popes Viterbo

What function did the Palace of the Popes have? 
The Palace of the Popes in Viterbo was built in the 13th century to house the papal Curia, which was moved from Rome in 1257 by Pope Alexander IV because of Roman hostility. It served as the papal residence until 1281, hosting several pontiffs and important ecclesiastical events, including the first and longest conclave in history, which lasted from 1268 to 1271. After that period, the palace lost its function as the center of Christendom, but continued to be used for administrative and religious purposes.

How long does a visit to the Palace of the Popes in Viterbo last?
The length of your visit to the Palace of the Popes in Viterbo depends on your personal interest and the time you wish to devote to each section. Generally, you should allow between 1 and 2 hours to explore the main attractions of the complex. These include the Loggia delle Benedizioni, with its panoramic view of Piazza San Lorenzo, and the Aula del Conclave, famous for hosting the longest conclave in history. Don't miss the striking Sala Gualterio, embellished with frescoes and the parchment of the first conclave, as well as the Museo Colle del Duomo and the Cathedral of San Lorenzo, which offer a true journey into medieval art and history. For a more in-depth experience, perhaps accompanied by a guide or audio guide, the visit can extend to 3 hours or more, especially if you decide to include other nearby attractions.

Why did the popes move to Viterbo?
In 1257, Pope Alexander IV moved the Roman Curia to Viterbo to escape the political and social tensions that made Rome unstable and dangerous. Fights between noble families and conflicts between Guelphs and Ghibellines threatened papal rule, prompting the pontiffs to seek a safer seat. At the time, Viterbo was a well-fortified city ruled by a pro-papal Guelph administration, offering a stable refuge for the Church. The move lasted until 1281, a period when Viterbo became known as the “City of the Popes,” hosting some of the most important pontiffs of the time.

How many popes have been in Viterbo?
Between 1257 and 1281, nine popes resided permanently or for long periods in Viterbo, turning it into the “City of Popes.” The first was Alexander IV, who in 1257 moved the Roman Curia to Viterbo, making it the center of papal power. Clement IV almost always lived here, while Urban IV and Nicholas III divided their residence between Viterbo and other cities. John XXI and Hadrian V spent most of their pontificate in the city, while Gregory X and Innocent V stayed only for short periods. The last pope to be elected in Viterbo was Martin IV, who left the city soon after his appointment in 1281.